London competed with other cities to host the 2012 Olympics. For the most part, predictions showed that on event days, 78% of spectators were likely to travel from within London and only 22% from the rest of the UK and Europe. Regeneration case studies help us to understand the different approaches to regeneration and see what impacts they have on the population and environment. Organisers helped develop 45 hectares of habitat, with a 10-year ecological management plan to encourage biodiversity. Explain what the legacy for the sports venues was? Stratford was at Middlesex from 1877 to 1880, during which time he also played first-class cricket with the Marylebone Cricket Club. Why was Stratford chosen for the Olympic Park? What does access look like? The conversion of the media and press centre into a creative industries centre for East London. In early 2007, it was suggested that the actual cost of the games could exceed 9.35billion (US$18.03billion), well over the bid projection. Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. This led to the multiplier effect. 1978: Eleven die in sleeper train inferno. [3]. By 2012, it was estimated that over 135,000hotel rooms would be available within 50kilometres of the Olympic Park, up from 103,000 at the time of the bid. In Stratford, the average family incomeper year was 28,900, but in London overall, it was 37,000. The site of the 2012 London Olympic Games Lower Lea Valley, Newham Borough (Stratford and New Town Ward), East London. Public transport and infrastructure were significantly improved. What was Stratford like after the decline? Who decides who will host the Olympics? I applied for Early Decision, which most shou. of the users don't pass the Regeneration Case Studies quiz! Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. During the Victorian Era, the Metropolitan Building Act, the new railway, and the creation of the Royal Docks accelerated industrialisation. With it, Stratford saw a lot of work opportunities. The UK won, and the planned legacies were put into action. When the games are over, the Village will be converted into new homes and facilities for the local community. Stratford is one of the best-connected areas of London. London 2012 was the successful bid to host the 2012 Summer Olympics, held in London with most events taking place in Stratford in the borough of Newham. Boat tours take around 45 minutes and are weather dependent. Do you consider that the Games were a sustainable event? Generally speaking, yes. It lies in an Area of Outstanding National Beauty (AONB) and it faces the Atlantic Ocean. At the time of the bid, those involved in British sport were hopeful that there would also be a 2012 legacy of increased commitment to sport in the UK, with the social and health benefits they believe that could bring, but it will be difficult to assess whether or not this really happens. Deindustrialisation is a process of social and economic change that happens when industrial capacity is either reduced or entirely removed from a region. There are a lot of great places to eat, drink and relax, from cafes and restaurants to theatres. Many of the materials used for construction came from overseas rather than local businesses. Some examples of urban regeneration case studies include Stratford and Salford Quays. What was Stratford like after the decline? The total cost of the 2012 Olympics was almost 10 billion. However, many people feel that the London Games were overall a success, and provided a benefit to the city. Work for this began on East Bank, formerly known as Olympicopolis. Key elements of urban regeneration are economic transition, employment change, social and community building and sustainable development. [4], Overall, do you think that the Games were a success? 3 - Liveability can include how walkable or cyclable a place is. Fig. For many years, it was one of the most deprived communities in the UK before it was revamped for the 2012 Olympic Games. 2000: Prime Minister's son arrested for drunkenness. The Olympic Park was a Brownfield site having suffered from Deindustrialisation. [39], The Olympic Hockey Centre after the games will become a venue providing training and competition facilities for hockey at all levels. Now, both areas have significantly improved infrastructure, environmental quality, housing provisions, services and economic opportunities. The Work to underground the power lines and remove the pylons which run through the Olympic Park began and transport improvements: Greater capacity on Jubilee Line, extension of DLR to London City Airport, Stratford International Station opened, first 'Javelin' trains unveiled . Increasing levels of ozone pollution are however a concern, but legislation and actions now in place are aimed at correcting that trend. It was one of the most deprived communities in the UK. This is partly due to Gentrification of the East Village as city workers move in. Relive the Olympic and Paralympic Games through the eyes of the athletes. Stratford became one of the most deprived communities in the UK, with low-income families and high unemployment. In East London, about 7 miles from Central London. This made it an ideal location for putting up the park, especially since it was located only seven minutes from Central London. Have enough resources or basic services to provide for the entire population. The improvements and upgrades made have made a lasting legacy impact. An important aspect of the legacy was what to do with the buildings and venues after the games. They helped secure a better vote for this category. Islam Issa says: "The county became a hub for Confederates in the immediate aftermath of the Civil War. At least 60 Games-related projects promoted greener travel, including a GBP 10 million investment to upgrade pedestrian and cycling routes across London. Works at Stratford, with workers. Disability organisations including the Autism Awareness Campaign UK were confident that the Olympic and Paralympic Games would encourage people across the disability spectrum to take up sport. Waterways were improved so they would be suited for the new Olympic Park. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. One of the major causes of push factors in town centres has been deindustrialisation. The main Olympic site . By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. A Blue Flag must be applied for first, A charity organisation concerned with protecting the sea and its wildlife. [1] Public transport, an aspect of the proposal which scored poorly for the bid, saw numerous improvements, including to the London Underground and the new "Olympic Javelin" service.[4]. Summary - London - opportunities & challenges geography gcse. The choice of Stratford in London The area chosen for the main Olympic facilities was a relatively deprived part of London: The area was therefore identifiably in need of regeneration and expected to benefit from improvements to infrastructure that would mean: Location of main venue just seven minutes by train from Central London 10th season. This happens for many reasons. People may move to rural areas to improve their health and mental well-being. Stratford was chosen because it was the most deprived community of the UK, it already had existing waste and industrial land, and it was located within 7 minutes of the City. Some commentators have argued that it would be better to invest directly in grass roots sport. Answer (1 of 11): It's been a couple of yearslast I checkedsince I graduated, but here is my experience. Londoners living in the Stratford area vacated their homes to avoid the crowds . The International Olympic Committee's evaluation report was generally very positive. Furthermore, corn from the mills was readily accessible, so Stratford became known for bread baking and potato production. That estimate may have been a. Current regeneration in Stratford is set to cost an extra 1 billion. The death blow to the docks was the creation of containerised cargo and other technological changes. During July and August 2012, visitors spent about GBP 760 million in the UK, averaging GBP 1,290 per person almost double the normal amount. Annual wages were low and unemployment was high. Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. Check out our explanation of Urban and Rural spaces to learn more! What areas in London have been regenerated? During the bidding process, it was proposed that the games would increase the number of British people participating in sports, which would have both social and health benefits. ALL PAPER 2 CASE STUDIES GEOGRAPHY GCSE AQA - Grade 9 notes. Urban regeneration is when an urban area, such as a town or a city, is transformed by . This brought in a lot of work opportunities, and most of these workers lived in the same town, which eventually became known as Stratford New Town. When the Olympics were hosted here, it caused Regeneration of the area. http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_282767.pdf Visitors impact especially useful on p8. During these months the temperature is nice, and there is limited rainfall, It is one of the best spots in the UK to surf, Always swim between the flags as that is the safest spot. The charging stations continue to support emission-free travel long after the Games. It was one of the most deprived communities of the UK, it had a high population density, low annual income, high unemployment, it had readily available waste and industrial lands for building, and it was located only 7 minutes from the City. During the Victorian Era, the Metropolitan Building Act, the new railway, and the creation of the Royal Docks accelerated industrialisation. Factoring in pre-Games construction and other early Games-related economic activity, an Oxford Economics study commissioned by the Lloyds banking group estimates that the Games will generate GBP 16.5 billion for the British economy from 2005 to 2017. Create a spider diagram showing at least three social impacts, three economic impacts and three environmental impacts of the Games. [1], The IOC noted that future negotiations were necessary to ensure the use of the Old Trafford and Villa Park football stadiums. Have all your study materials in one place. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. 560million from IOC television and marketing deals. Urban environmental and social stresses, Urban microclimates: modification and management, Case study: Air pollution in New York City, 4. Buildings and venues were built sustainably. existing urban, rural, industrial and commercial areas to bring about social and economic change on a long-term scale. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}513246N 00046W / 51.54615N 0.01269W / 51.54615; -0.01269. This includes 4,000 trees, 74,000 plants and 60,000 bulbs, and 300,000 wetland plants. When the 2012 Olympics are over, the second phase will involve the refurbishment of the Olympic village and construction on another 500,000m2 (5,400,000sqft) of space to complete the regeneration of Stratford City. [2], At the time of the bid, the budget projection was around 2billion, but it was later estimated that the true cost would be around 9billion. Therefore, it can be difficult to compare and contrast projects directly. Only 1 bus an hour from Monday to Saturday, Only 1 bus every 2 hours on Sunday. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. The regeneration did not only change Stratford but also London in general. Before industrialisation, Stratford was an agricultural community. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. this increased developments of property, services and business zones . Sustainable regeneration projects are providing a way to upgrade places in the long-term without compromising on the needs of the future generation(s) and the environment. While the two urban areas differ in terms of location and history, they do have things in common. This was the largest transport project proposed for London, and it was widely assumed in the early stages of the bidding process that the games could not be won without a guarantee that it would be completed before the games. 2008. All this was about to change, though, with the UK's bid for hosting the 2012 Olympics Games, including the Paralympics, to be hosted in London. What are the key elements of urban regeneration? Buildings that were going to get a new life after the Games were permanent buildings. This lasted for several decades before it was regenerated prior to the 2012 London Olympics. Everything you need for your studies in one place. London 2012 was the successful bid to host the 2012 Summer Olympics, held in London with most events taking place in Stratford in the borough of Newham.The British Olympic Association had been working on the bid since 1997, and presented its report to government ministers in December 2000.. At time of the bid the following were the tentative completion dates for some of the remaining venues: Channel Tunnel/Stratford rail link (2007); Aquatics Centre and London Velopark (2008); East London line extension (2010); Olympic Stadium and Heathrow Terminal 5 final completion (2011). Stratford lacked proper infrastructure, and the environmental quality was poor. [6], http://crln.acrl.org/content/75/1/24.full, http://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/23434844, https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/02/140221-olympics-sochi-rio-de-janeiro-london-boris-johnson-montreal-athens-world/, https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/02/03/270950685/did-london-get-an-economic-boost-from-the-2012-olympics. No. 1952: London's trams trundle into history. Buildings that were not getting a new life on-site were temporary ones, and they were relocated elsewhere after the games. This removal of industrial (secondary economic) activity had many negative impacts, including a spike in unemployment rates, dereliction and out-migration from town/ urban centres. [30] Paralympic tickets go on sale on 9 September 2011. The construction of all the buildings creates 1,500 jobs, with at least 30% of those for local residents. In addition, several of the indoor arenas would be assembled elsewhere in the UK. The Department of Education provided GBP 65 million to encourage efforts by physical education teachers to organise competitive sports, embed best practice and train primary school teachers. Advertisement Overall, the UK's share of manufacturing outputs had significantly dropped to 4.9% by 1973, which was even lower than the 9.5% in 1830, pre-Industrial Revolution. She added, "It was in every speech and every word."[42]. Negatives: The Olympic stadium is estimated to have cost 701 million pounds, almost 3 times the original estimate Regeneration through property development has the potential to create vibrant new communities. Each apartment was billed to include Internet access and wireless networking and other state-of-the-art technology.[25]. A Tracey Manning, working men's caf, East End Centre, 2006 Tracey provided breakfast to the local workers beginning at 4 a.m every day for 13 years. This site has a great number of additional sources that you could explore, for example if you are looking at the Olympics for the purposes of an extended essay. Stratford lacked proper infrastructure, and the environmental quality was poor. [29], Approximately 8.0million tickets were proposed to be available for the Olympics, and 1.5million tickets for the Paralympics. Affordable housing is still unaffordable for the poorest people in Newham. We will see a 1.1 billion 'culture boost' happening soon. Athletes have been closely involved in the planning of the Olympic Village. Please view the Legacy Map to see the upgrades to the London Transport network in context. Ken Livingstone, then the mayor of London, made it perfectly clear why the Olympics would be a boon. It was also proposed that the rivers in the area could be restored to make a beautiful Olympic Park. However, all the changes led to Stratford becoming a more affluent place, meaning that it is still not really affordable for poor(er) people. Over the total period of the Olympics, some sources suggest the city brought in around US$3.5 billion in revenues, and spent in excess US$18 billion a negative balance of $14 billion plus (Zimbalist, 2015). The (new) Westfield Stratford shopping centre houses 250 retailers, 70 dining establishments and represents a GBP 1.4 billion investment in East London. Have provisions to allow people to walk, cycle and/or make use of public transport, instead of relying on cars. Through examining these three metrics, it is impossible to consider whether a regeneration case study has been a success or a failure. The Lower Lea Valley had poor soil conditions, but the soil was cleaned up on site. The Westfield Stratford shopping centre created 10,000 permanent new jobs from day one, including 2,000 for local people who were previously unemployed. Property prices, for both renting and buying, went up. There are many areas that have been regenerated, the Tower Hamlets have had the most projects, whilst other areas such as Islington, Lambeth, Hackney and Southwark have also had many regeneration projects. Stratford ultimately went from being a deprived community to a more affluent place to live. When the Docks closed in 1982, there were a lot of issues. Nearby Saunton Sands, Braunton Burrows and Baggy Point were used by American soldiers to practise for the D-day landings. Closest train station is Barnstaple, 10mi/16km away. rural areas have seen a recent increase in population due to counter-urbanisation. Stratford was chosen to host the 2012 Olympics meaning large amounts of FDI were attracted to the area. Stratford was and still is a deprived area. [28], Additionally, there were to be two major park and ride sites off the M25 within 25 minutes of the Olympic Park capable of holding 12,000 cars. No. Identify your study strength and weaknesses. [4] The games were won without a commitment to deliver Crossrail by 2012. More than 98 percent of the demolition waste from decrepit buildings that were torn down was recycled. Why is regeneration needed geography? The Royal Docks eventually closed to commercial traffic in late 1981. The first Join In weekend (encouraging volunteerism as the profile was increased from volunteers at the Olympics), in August 2012, featured over 6,000 events. The River Lea, which runs through the Park, was improved, including its water quality. The Westfield Stratford City - the largest urban shopping mall in Europe. Fig. More than 9 billion of investment was brought to East London, with the majority of that money spent on transport. Why did Stratford need to be regenerated? The infrastructure was significantly improved for the whole area. Most of Stratford City will be regenerated with the construction of 500,000 more square metres of space. The creation of containerised cargo and other technological changes. London is the first city to host the Games three times. Stories From 6 Jul. Some of the new facilities would be reused in their Olympic form, while others would be reduced in size and several would be relocated elsewhere in the UK. This means people can find work elsewhere. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. The containerised cargo was much more efficient for transporting goods, but it required larger ships. [24], The Olympic Village's accommodations are the most spacious in Olympic history. However, with Stratford being more affluent, it is still unaffordable to live for the poor(er) people of the community, In East London, about 7 miles from Central London. There are also now academic options for pupils between 3 and 18. Fig. Some alterations were made after the bid was accepted, including the decision by the IOC to eliminate some sporting events,[6] and a new layout for the Olympic Zone, both resulting in some relatively minor changes to the Olympic venues. The containerised cargo was much more efficient for transporting goods, but it required larger ships. Buildings that were not getting a new life on-site were temporary ones, and they were relocated elsewhere after the games. Grade 9 - GSCEs 2019 Stratford Regeneration project (Olympics) - Paper 2 - Why Stratford was chosen - Why it needed regeneration - Advantages & Disadvantages of the regeneration 100% Money Back Guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached For construction, much of the wildlife already there had to be relocated. . The Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy, in Portland Harbour, Dorset, on the south coast of England, would be used for the sailing events. noise and environmental. Suburbanisation is the process of a large proportion of people relocating from town centres into the outskirts (suburbs). The Head of the IOC evaluation commission praised the passion behind the London 2012 bid when they visited Stratford and other places in the city. Sustainable and biodiverse vegetation that is suited for an urban environment was used. Regeneration is the process of upgrading existing urban, rural, industrial and commercial areas to bring about social and economic change on a long-term scale. However, both projects resulted in successful regeneration. ALL of the Olympic venues have been sold. As tension with the Soviet Union rose during the Cold War, a Royal Observer Corps (ROC) bunker was erected to watch over the British skies for any Soviet planes, bombs or missiles, Very limited. There are great places to live, such as The Stratford, a 42-storey tower with 248 rental flats and a sky garden. 7km from the city of London Underdeveloped area (see Table 1, Photos 5 and 6). Furthermore the cost of travelling and accommodation would rise across London which many thought would outprice tourists and leave many events under-attended. It contains the Olympic stadium, now known as the London Stadium, and the Olympic swimming pool together with the athletes' Olympic Village and . (A TOK-able moment), The costs and benefits of hosting the Games, Case study: London Olympics 2012: Learning activities, https://d2rpq8wtqka5kg.cloudfront.net/129049/open20120701120000.pdf?Expires=1511793842&Signature=R043y307dmxOAQKbZckf67uuGsQhQUZ3~Fuml0zdCMn0Y2ZjYobP36CAdEROzjj4QvHUN0aFZKha~v7h8RAt1XLxQKkIZGyf6Z5h3N~U01FZv~N5u4gIXs~z43IkDQMr~1ShM9I4Px7hWR6~yG7TRi57jLt8x3Ti~2HiHGZYAiDpXP68St7EadjRxLr6HDZRtf-mOBRGCSKCxx7S-bhDyZWlDqR8kP4jayZQr7UtYoN-qSbdz6SqNBd3AIrQNhaCLp51mWZkSFex8XdXJblqSZDlAgdPYHvGLyD6wsZLSZAmvUE9MDQ4ol~SOhQ9qI9-zggFSUgaagHj1mPDR9Ak9A__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJVGCNMR6FQV6VYIA, About (including cookies and data privacy issues), New article: urban deprivation in Nairobi, Youth engagement in sport was one of the pillars of Londons bit, Sustainability and legacy were pillars of Londons bid, Regeneration was emphasised as part of the bid: the IOC was shown photos of the derelict former industrial areas, The UK government had decided to focus its Olympic bids on London after failing to win the Games in 1992, 1996 and 2000 with bids from Birmingham and Manchester (two other major UK cities), Gender and age issues: most of those who spoke in the Paris presentation were male and middle aged; the London presentation included children and represented a multicultural London. The bid envisaged that 80% of athletes would be within 20 minutes of their events and 97% would be within 30 minutes of their events. 2012 was about the Olympic Games and also about the Paralympic Games. The atmospheric system and the greenhouse effect, Environmental impacts of climate change: Water, Environmental impacts of climate change: Carbon, Environmental impacts of climate change: Weather, Environmental impacts of climate change: Wildlife, Environmental impacts of climate change: Agriculture, Societal impacts of climate change: Sea level rise, Societal impacts of climate change: Health hazards, Societal impacts of climate change: Migration, Societal impacts of climate change: Ocean transport routes, Disparities in exposure to climate change, Case study: Climate vulnerability in Kenya, Case study: Climate vulnerability in the USA, Government-led responses to global climate change, Case study of government response to climate change: USA, Case study of government response to climate change: Kenya, Corporate strategies to address global climate change, Civil society strategies to address global climate change, Case study: Kenyas non-governmental response to climate change, 2. Its multicultural population meant that all countries would be well supported at the games. Also, the re-opening of the Royal Docks is causing economic growth. This was primarily paid by lottery funds, meaning that other things, such as the arts, lost out on a lot of money. Sign up to highlight and take notes. Why was Stratford chosen for the 2012 Olympics? the IOC Its 100% free. The venue will allow for 3,500spectators and would host local, national, and worldwide swimming events.
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